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Sumitra Mahajan (née Sathe; born: 12 April 1943) is an Indian politician who was the Speaker of Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019. ... She belongs to Bharatiya Janata ... 

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (pronunciation (help·info); 19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth president of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a long political career with the Indian National Congress Party in the independence movement, he went on to hold several key offices in independent India—as the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister—before becoming the youngest-ever Indian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his schooling at Adayar and joined the Government Arts College at Anantapur. He quit to become an Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in the Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1946 as a Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister of Andhra State in 1953 and the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. He was a union cabinet minister under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi from 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 to 1969. He later retired from active politics but returned in 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" against the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 as a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months later was elected unopposed as President of India. As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in 1982 and he retired to his farm in Anantapur. He died in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore. In 2013, the Government of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Contents

• 1Education and family
• 2Role in the Indian independence movement
• 3Political career
  • 3.1Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)
  • 3.2Congress President (1960–62) and Union Minister (1964–67)
  • 3.3Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)
  • 3.4Presidential election of 1969
  • 3.5Return to active politics (1975–82)
  • 3.6Presidential election of 1977
• 4President of India
  • 4.1Morarji Desai government (1977–79)
  • 4.2Charan Singh government (1979)
  • 4.3Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82)
• 5Later life and death
• 6Commemoration
• 7In popular culture
• 8Explanatory notes
• 9References
• 10External links

Education and family[edit]

Reddy was born into a Telugu-speaking Hindu family in Illur village, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.[2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later enrolled at the Government Arts College at Anantapur, an affiliate of the University of Madras, as an undergraduate.[5] In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the degree of Honorary Doctor of Laws on him because of his role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma. The couple had one son and three daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian independence movement[edit]

Reddy joined the Indian struggle for independence from the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and dropped out of college in 1931. He was closely associated with the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha. In 1938, Reddy was elected Secretary of the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Congress Committee, an office he held for ten years. During the Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly in jail between 1940 and 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again in August and sent to the Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, K Kamaraj and V V Giri till 1945.[9][10]

Political career[edit]

Elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1946 as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' legislature party.[11] He was also a Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly from Madras.[12][13] From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Housing and Forests of the Madras State.[14] Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy.[15]

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)[edit]

In 1951, in a closely contested election, he was elected President of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.[18] After the later formation of the Andhra Pradesh state by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Minister[19] from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.[20] He was Chief Minister for a second time from 12 March 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office for over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] The Government of Andhra Pradesh later renamed the Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy placed emphasis on rural development, agriculture and allied sectors.[27] The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely driven by the central government's investments in large public sector enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's first term as Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on being elected President of the Indian National Congress. In 1964, he resigned voluntarily following unfavourable observations made against the Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Supreme Court in the Bus Routes Nationalisation case.[a][3][30]

Congress President (1960–62) and Union Minister (1964–67)[edit]

Reddy served thrice as President of the Indian National Congress at its Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions during 1960 to 1962.[11] At the Congress session at Goa in 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Chinese occupation of Indian territory and the irrevocable nature of the liberation of Goa was enthusiastically received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Steel and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government. He also served as Union Minister of Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Tourism from January 1966 to March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)[edit]

In the general elections of 1967, Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March 1967, Reddy was elected Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the third person to be elected Speaker of the house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize the independence of the Speaker's office, Reddy resigned from the Congress Party.[36][37] His term as Speaker was marked by several firsts including the admission of a No-Confidence Motion on the same day as the President's address to a joint session of Parliament,[14] the handing down of a sentence of imprisonment for Contempt of the house[38] and the setting up of the Committee on the Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[14] During his term as Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an MP resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of speech in the House and that the courts had no say in such matters.[b][40][41] Reddy described his role as being the 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] He however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the House that proved costly when he became, two years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]